JOE'S GARAGE: THE EMOTIONAL DIMENSION

The unlimited popularity of the tonal system in western music has a lot to do with it's capacity, combined with instrumentation and the way music is performed, to translate emotions into music in a for everybody recognisable form. It's also the way most people like to talk about music, often giving highly subjective interpretations of what the music means in their opinion along with it. Sections of music can express feelings of joy, sadness, anger and relaxation. Why this effect exists is usually not very clear. Dissonants and shouting can be associated with anger or tension, but why some melodic lines have the effect of joy and others don't is hardly explainable. It's better to take it for granted that the three downwards played notes of a minor third have the effect of sadness, and composers looking to maximize recognisable emotional impact probably have a good catalogue in their mind of melody types and their effect (compare "Debra Kadabra" from "Bongo Fury" from 2:44 onwards for a minor third effect).
Music can also be on a more emotionally abstract level, but certainly not less emotional, where it becomes difficult to translate the emotions into words other than "expressive" or "intense" and where the emotions seem to rely more on the pleasure of the listening to the music itself. Zappa prefers the more abstract level, confirmed by his unwillingness to take his personal life as the subject of his lyrics. He may talk about his lovely wife and children in "The Real Frank Zappa book", but never on his albums. Zappa's music can be very expressive, but speaking for myself I have no idea how I could describe for instance the guitar solo's on "Shut up 'n play yer guitar" in emotional terms as happiness or tension.

Climate change

"The poorest people, who are not responsible for carbon emissions into the atmosphere, will be the worst hit by the devastations of climate change - but the climate change discourse has so far not been people-centred."

"To come to Bangladesh is to see that climate change is most severely affecting the people who have contributed least to causing the problem" said Mary Robinson during a keynote speech Wednesday, at a roundtable meeting on 'Climate Change: Rights and Justice' hosted by BRAC University in the Bangladeshi capital Dhaka.

Every leader knows that we face uncertain times, driven by unprecedented change. Whether it’s continued volatility in global capital markets, political upheavals in the Middle East or technology-driven transformations that reshape and reverberate across industries, uncertainty is the “new normal.”

. The use of fossil fuels to meet the world's energy needs is a contributor to an increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs)—mainly carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane—in the Earth's atmosphere. There is a widespread view that this increase is leading to climate change, with adverse effects on the environment.

Bangladesh is a central point of reference for the injustice of climate change.

Rising sea levels threaten inundation and saline intrusion in the southern coastal region

With 40% of coastal land already affected by salinity

Climate change: building smallholder resilience

Smallholder farmers are the backbone of the rural economy – but they are bearing the brunt of climate change. Worldwide, there are 500 million smallholder farms supporting some 2 billion people.

These farmers inhabit some of the most at-risk landscapes, including hillsides, deserts and floodplains. Climate change multiplies the threats facing smallholders, endangering the natural assets they depend on and accelerating environmental degradation.

The recent initiatives to strengthen links between the climate change and development communities are also described. These are of particular importance as climate change impacts will significantly affect national development.

The world’s climate is changing and will continue to change into the coming century at rates projected to be unprecedented in recent human history. The risks associated with these changes are real but highly uncertain.

The problem of rapid climate change is inextricably entwined with the challenges of development. Although high-income countries first created the problem through the unbridled emission of heat-trapping gases, poor people in the developing world are feeling the impacts first and worst. Moreover, some developing countries are now major emitters, and the developing world accounts for more than half of all current greenhouse gases. To be effective, responses to climate change must address developing countries’ needs, including their right to development.

Migration and Push Pull Factors - Presentation Transcript

Migration and Push Pull Factors - Presentation Transcript

 

1. Migration Push and Pull Factors Mr. Mullins

2. Large number of children as high death rate and to support parents in old age newly industrialized countries like China fit into this stage. High birth rates are balanced by high death rates Very rapid population increase as birth rate is much higher than the death rate, although the countries are still very much LEDC’s. Parents begin to realize that children will survive so they have fewer children. There is a lack of medical resources. Local or natural resources relied on. Task: Add the correct statements to the correct stage on your Demographic Transitional Model in your exercise books Birth and death rates remain low. High infant mortality rates. There is little change in population as both birth and death rates remain low The United Kingdom fits this stage of the model Bangladesh fits this stage of the model. One well in a village which is ok for everybody to drink from.

3. Key Questions of today’s lesson
• What are the consequences of rapid population growth in Less Economically Developed Countries?
• What is urbanization?
• What is the push-pull model of migration?

Task: Write down the key questions and underline key words.

4. Stage 2 ?

5. Key Question: What are the consequences of a rapid population growth in LEDCs e.g. Bangladesh? Task: In your books draw a mind map for each. Consequences of Rapid Population Growth in LEDC’s Social Environmental Economic

6. Migration
• The United Nations defines migration as the movement of a person or persons from one place to another, involving a permanent move of home for over one year.
• Key Question: Why do people move from one area to another?
• Why do people in LEDCS (for example Bangladesh) migrate from one location to another?

Task: In pairs quietly discuss the two key questions

7. Push and Pull Factors for migration
• Push Factors are the reasons people leave an area. So why a person is pushed away from an area. (Give 3 examples).
• lack of services
• lack of safety
• high crime
• crop failure
• drought
• flooding
• poverty and war

• Pull Factors are the reasons people want to move to an area. What pulls them to that area? (Give 3 examples).
• higher employment
• more wealth
• better services
• good climate
• safer, less crime
• political stability
• more fertile land
• lower risk from natural hazards

8. Push – Pull Migration Model Task: Draw the model in your books and explain in three or four sentences what the model shows.

9. Card Sort
• Task: Sort out the statements and stick them underneath your Push – Pull Model under the appropriate section.

Introduction to India Rural to urban migration Task: Write down some push and pull factors mentioned in the short news clip.

10. What is urbanization?
• The term ‘urbanization’ means the increase in the proportion of the world’s population who live in cities.
• Caused by:
• Migration
• High birth rates
• Declining death rates
• Urbanization has increased rapidly in LEDC’s since the mid 20 th century

11. Task: Write a short news speech to explain the current population issues in India. Using the clip you have seen today and from what we have learnt write the speech using the key questions we set out to achieve at the start of the lesson.
• What are the consequences of rapid population growth in Less Economically Developed Countries?
• What is urbanization?
• What is the push-pull model of migration?
12. Homework 2!
• Tonight find one fact about Kolkata formerly Calcutta to bring to tomorrows lesson (write it down).

Retailers’ Marketing Decisions

Retailers’ Marketing Decisions

1. Service and store atmosphere
2. Price Decision
3. Communication Decision
4. Location Decision

Service and store atmosphere:

Service:

The service mix is a tool for differentiating one store from another. Retailers must decide on the services mix to offer customer: pre-purchase service, and ancillary service.

Atmosphere:

Atmosphere is another element in the store arsenal. The store must embody a planned atmosphere that suits the target market and draws consumers toward purchase.

Price Decision:

Prices are a key positioning factor and must be decided in relation to the target market, the product and service assortment mix, and the competition. All retailers would like to achieve high volumes and gross margins.

Location Decision: 

            

            Communication Decision:

         

            Retailers use a wide range of communication tools to generate traffic and purchases.    

            Each retailer must use communications that support and reinforce its image positioning.                                               

            Retailers are accustomed to saying that three keys to success are “location, location and  

            Location". Department store chains, oil companies and fast food franchisers exercise great care in  

            Selecting locations.

Qualities of Business Letter

Qualities of Business Letter

Conciseness:

Business letters should be brief but informative. It must be in such a size which is complete to provide 

effective message.

Relevance:

A good Business letter should bear information which is relevant and state true fact. It should avoid irrelevant material that wastes reader’s mind and hides the important data.

Attractive format:

The format and style of a Business letter should be good looking. As we know, reader’s first impression is largely influenced by the external appearance of the letter.

Courtesy:

Courtesy implies politeness shown to others while they are approached. It covers an important place in business communication.

Salesmanship:

Every letter must carry salesmanship because such quality tells about the origin or source of a letter. As a result, good reputation builds up in the mind of receiver

The 'You' Attitude:

The ‘You’ attitude is a writing style that emphasize readers rather than the writer. I have and we should be avoided and includes as many yours possible.

Tact:

This quality that goes hand-in-hand with courtesy. It is very important in handling complaints and adjustments and letters seeking credit.

The positive approach:

Avoid No’s and Surry’s as they are undesirable to all. They are unwelcome word. Instead there should be emphasis on positive things.

So, the above should be kept in mind while drafting Business letter. Such factors are therefore essential to be followed.

Importance of Ratio Analysis

                             Importance of Ratio Analysis

The ratios used in financial analysis are important for the following reason:

Depending on the ratio used, it can assess whether the company is over borrowed whether it has enough cash to meet its short term obligation.

A financial analyst will rip apart the result of the company both an annual, semi annual and quarterly basis to make sure that the company is on track.

Time trends the analyst does not look at the ratios in isolation, rather he looks at the ratios over a period of time to compare how the company is performing. He will seek explanation from the company directors if there are serious blips or down word treads

It Helps In Evaluating The Firms Performance:

With the help of ratio analysis conclusion can be drawn regarding several aspects such as financial health, profitability and operational efficiency of the undertaking. Ratio points out the operating efficiency of the firm i.e. whether the management has utilized the firm’s assets correctly, to increase the investor’s wealth. It ensures a fair return to its owners and secures optimum utilization of firms assets

It helps in inter-firm comparison:

Ratio analysis helps in inter-firm comparison by providing necessary data. An interfere comparison indicates relative position. It provides the relevant data for the comparison of the performance of different departments. If comparison shows a variance, the possible reasons of variations may be identified and if results are negative, the action may be initiated immediately to bring them in line.

It helps in determining the financial position of the concern:

Ratio analysis facilitates the management to know whether the firms financial position is improving or deteriorating or is constant over the years by setting a trend with the help of ratios The analysis with the help of ratio analysis can know the direction of the trend of strategic ratio may help the management in the task of planning, forecasting and controlling.

Liquidity position:

With help of ratio analysis conclusions can be drawn regarding the Liquidity position of a firm. The liquidity position of a firm would be satisfactory if it is able to meet its current obligation when they become due. The ability to met short term liabilities is reflected in the liquidity ratio of a firm.

Long term solvency:

Ratio analysis is equally for assessing the long term financial ability of the Firm. The long term solvency s measured by the leverage or capital structure and profitability ratio which shows the earning power and operating efficiency, Solvency ratio shows relationship between total liability and total assets.

Operating efficiency:

Yet another dimension of usefulness or ratio analysis, relevant from the View point of management is that it throws light on the degree efficiency in the various activity ratios measures this kind of operational efficiency.

Felt vs. Displayed Emotions

Felt vs. Displayed Emotions

1. Emotional labor creates dilemmas for employees when their job requires them to exhibit emotions incongruous with their actual feelings. It is a frequent occurrence. For example, when there are people that you have to work with whom you find it very difficult to be friendly toward. You are forced to feign friendliness.

2. Felt emotions are an individual’s actual emotions.

3. Displayed emotions are those that are organizationally required and considered appropriate in a given job. They are learned.

4. Key—felt and displayed emotions are often different. This is particularly true in organizations, where role demands and situations often require people to exhibit emotional behaviors that mask their true feelings.

JOE'S GARAGE: THE EMOTIONAL DIMENSION

The unlimited popularity of the tonal system in western music has a lot to do with it's capacity, combined with instrumentation and the way music is performed, to translate emotions into music in a for everybody recognizable form. It's also the way most people like to talk about music, often giving highly subjective interpretations of what the music means in their opinion along with it. Sections of music can express feelings of joy, sadness, anger and relaxation. Why this effect exists is usually not very clear. Dissonant and shouting can be associated with anger or tension, but why some melodic lines have the effect of joy and others don't is hardly explainable. It's better to take it for granted that the three downwards played notes of a minor third have the effect of sadness, and composers looking to maximize recognizable emotional impact probably have a good catalogue in their mind of melody types and their effect (compare "Debra Kadabra" from "Bongo Fury" from 2:44 onwards for a minor third effect).
Music can also be on a more emotionally abstract level, but certainly not less emotional, where it becomes difficult to translate the emotions into words other than "expressive" or "intense" and where the emotions seem to rely more on the pleasure of the listening to the music itself. Zappa prefers the more abstract level, confirmed by his unwillingness to take his personal life as the subject of his lyrics. He may talk about his lovely wife and children in "The Real Frank Zappa book", but never on his albums. Zappa's music can be very expressive, but speaking for myself I have no idea how I could describe for instance the guitar solos on "Shut up 'n play your guitar" in emotional terms as happiness or tension.